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Bimeda Equine is proud to promote best practice targeted worming regimes, to help protect both today’s horses and future generations

Bimeda Equine is proud to promote best practice targeted worming regimes, to help protect both today’s horses and future generations.

To find out more about best targeted worming regimes, click here to visit our Best Practice Advice section.

To view and download our materials, such as our Horse Owner’s Guide To Worming and visit out Library Section.

Equine tapewormsPhoto kindly provided by University of Liverpool Diagnosteq Lab

Most horses will be exposed to tapeworm . A horse can become infected at any age; however tapeworm tends to have a bigger impact on very young and very old horses as their immune systems are not as robust.

It is impossible to be certain of infection rates due to the difficulty in detecting infection but studies suggest up to 69%¹.

Light infection is common and if limited is unlikely to produce any clinical signs.

In more severe infections they may display some of the following clinical signs:

• Diarrhoea
• Dull Coat
• Poor Growth
• Intermittent Colic Episodes
• Poor performance
• General Lethargy
• Ulceration of the GI lining
• Colic
• Obstruction
• Rupture
• Anaemia
• Un-thriftiness

Diagnostics & Treatment of Tapeworm

We know from the tapeworm life cycle that when the tapeworm sheds its eggs they are dispersed in a segment of its body called the proglottid.

If the proglottid remains intact then no eggs will be found in the faeces in spite of the horse being infected. As a result, tapeworm eggs are rarely detected in faecal egg counts (FEC) even if the horse is infected.

As a result, there are two options - assume the horse is infected and treat periodically (Spring and Autumn) or request a tapeworm antibody ELISA test which can be carried out on blood or saliva.

ELISA Antibody Test

The best approach is to carry out a test called an ELISA antibody test. When a horse becomes infected with tapeworm it will produce antibodies to try and protect itself. The ELISA test is capable of detecting these antibodies.

It could previously only be carried out on a blood sample but can now be carried out on saliva making it much more accessible and cost effective. The antibodies persist for months after an infection so a positive result tells us that the horse has been exposed to tapeworm recently. A positive result and a lack of recent tapeworm treatment allows us to assume that the horse is infected.

Treatment

Ideally, you should carry out an ELISA test before treating for tapeworm to help protect our wormers from resistance.

If you are unable to test you should carry out tapeworm treatment once in the Spring and once in the Autumn.

Which Actives Treat Tapeworms?

*A double-dose of pyrantel is required to effectively treat tapeworms

Large Strongyles (aka Large Redworms)There are three major species of Large Strongyles, which are Strongylus vulgaris, S edentates, and S equinus. Of these, the most common is Strongylus vulgaris.

The large red worm (strongylus vulgaris) is a very serious parasite but is thankfully no longer very common.

The eggs are ingested by the horse and once hatched, they burrow into the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.

Migration through the blood vessels occurs, until mature, and can cause massive internal damage before they return to live in the intestinal wall. Large Strongyles are blood feeders and they ingest mucosal plugs as they move through the intestine. Anaemia can result from this blood loss.

(cyathostomes spp}

Cyathostomes spp infestation in small intestine

El parásito más común en equinos es el Cyathostomes Spp (pequeños estróngilos) el cual puede conducir a fuertes infestaciones de vermes rojos y daño a la mucosa del intestino grueso si no es tratado.

Cuando son ingeridas, las larvas penetran la pared del intestino. Se desarrollan y emergen para continuar su ciclo de vida o permanecen en la pared del intestino en estado de hipobiosis (similar a hibernación).

Cuando la temperatura aumenta durante la primavera, las larvas hipobióticas pueden todas emerger a la vez y causar severos daños a la pared intestinal causando perdida de peso, diarrea, shock e incluso la muerte del animal.

No se puede probar directamente la presencia de larvas hipobióticas en la pared intestinal y solo ciertos antihelmínticos pueden usarse para el tratamiento de estas larvas hipobióticas.

CICLO DE VIDA PEQUEÑOS ESTRÓNGILOS

1. El caballo ingesta pasto el cual contiene larvas infestivas (L3).
2. Las larvas entran en la mucosa del intestino grueso. Una vez en la mucosa, entran en estado de hipobiósis (similar a hibernación) en forma de quiste y emergen después a la luz del intestino como L4, o inmediatamente pueden emerger en dicho estadío. Hay un alto riesgo de daño por un número alto de larvas enquistadas L4 emergiendo desde la mucosa al mismo tiempo.
3. La larva L4 se desarrolla y ovoposita en el intestino.
4. Los huevos salen del caballo junto con las heces.
5. Los huevos en las heces se desarrollan primero a L1, después a L” y finalmente a la forma infestiva L3.
6. La larva se mueve hacia el pasto.
7. El caballo ingiere el pasto y el ciclo comienza de nuevo.

(Dictyocaulus Arnfieldi)

Lungworm can cause coughing and respiratory difficulty in horses, although they are relatively uncommon. These worms are common in donkeys and easily transfer to horses grazing the same pasture.

Horses become infected by eating the worm larvae from the pasture. The larvae will then move to the lungs, where they become adult. These adults, living in the airways, can cause obstruction leading to coughing and breathlessness. The adults lay eggs which are coughed up and swallowed to then be passed out in the droppings; thus continuing the cycle.

Faecal egg count and a variety of other diagnostics can be carried out by a vet if this is suspected and an appropriate treatment determined.

Which Actives Treat Lungworms?